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<ibshambat2004@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> wrote in message
news:1134400705.765270.24180@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> There is a presumption among many, pursuant classical economics, that
> people are driven what is called rational self-interest, which is
> equated with interest in ac***ulation of property.
>
> That is an article of faith that falls apart under examination.
>
>>From the position of each person, in reference to the world, there is
> perspective toward self and perspective toward others. In relation to
> which, each person can be said to possess self-interest and
> other-interest. There are some people - including Ayn Rand - who
> believe that man is only himself and that all interest is a form of
> self-interest. There are others who believe that man is evolved as part
> of humanity and that therefore that all interest is a form of
> species-interest. Of course there are both, and it functions
> differently in different people. If humanity has evolved, then it has
> done so both as individuals and as species; which means that interest
> in one's own good and interest in the good of the species are part of
> human makeup. And any creationist worldview likewise recognizes the
> same: That there is man; that there is mankind; and that man is both
> man and part of mankind.
>
> Furthermore, for each person, self-interest is different. There are
> unquestionably some who are driven by property; but there are many
> others who are driven by desire for love, or by interest in knowledge
> and wisdom, or by interest in legacy, or by interest in service, or by
> interest in improving their lives or the lives of others in ways that
> matter to them. The scientist who is driven by interest in knowledge is
> just as rational, if not more so, than the person who is interested in
> ac***ulation of wealth. The teacher who is driven by interest in
> raising the future generation is just as rational, if not more so, than
> either of the preceding. The policeman or military officer or diplomat
> who is driven by interest in securing peace for his community or
> serving his country is likewise driven by a legitimate interest. And
> the same is the case for the people interested in making life more
> just, or in guiding people who are disenfranchised to better places, or
> in developing new ideas that can improve lives for many other people,
> or in helping people have better relation****ps, or in creating
> beautiful work that celebrates the civilization and enriches the lives
> of the members and gives it legitimate sense of accomplishment and
> inspires the future generations to similar and greater heights.
>
> Which means the following: There are many legitimate forms of interest,
> both self-interest and other-interest, and to reduce the totality of
> human existence to one out of many forms of interest is to do humanity
> a grave disservice. Quite simply, it is wrong to believe that everyone
> has single form of interest, whether self-directed or not and whether
> "rational" or not. This is the same error that was made by Marx in
> assuming that there is a single value function of collective benefit,
> and that people would pursue it if properly educated or coerced by
> force. The diverseness of people and the multiple levels of human
> nature mean that there are many legitimate forms of interest, both
> self-directed and other-directed, and that a civilization that achieves
> the optimal outcomes for its citizens is one that allows a functional
> and legitimate path for fulfillment of all of these forms of interest.
> Optimal in the outcome created for the citizens of the civilization as
> an outcome of efforts of people within those different paths to fulfill
> the different aspects of human nature - and optimal in ability of
> people to find ways to contribute their talents in paths that are most
> suited to them.
>
> A new useful theory in psychology is a theory of multiple
> intelligences. This theory states that there are many different forms
> of intellect of which people are capable, and that different people
> have different intelligences to different extents. Thus, there is no
> single function for intelligence; there are many functions for
> intelligence. The same is true for kinds of interest, whether
> self-interest or other-interest, that is present in people.
>
> Given the multiplicity of human natures and talents and intelligences
> and interests within humanity, it therefore is incorrect to believe
> that a single approach will work for everyone, or that the entire human
> nature can be reduced to a single form of interest claimed legitimate
> while all others are regarded as illegitimate. There are many forms of
> legitimate interest, both self-interest and other-interest, and they
> are natural to different people to different extents. And to try to
> reduce the entire human nature to one approach and one form of interest
> not only denies people the way to express their abilities in a way that
> benefits people, but it likewise denies the fruits that the people can
> through efforts that make most of their abilities impart the people
> whose nature and interest they are most equipped to fulfil.
>
> Furthermore, in making a single approach - a result of addressing a
> single form of interest - universal, what is accomplished is
> bludgeoning people into the same mentality and the same supposed nature
> and supposed interest, even if it is to them completely ill-fitting.
> Which does not serve any liberty or happiness or even life worthy of
> having, and is only done through extreme disfigurement, which requires
> in many cases coercive and malicious tactics. What is created, is a
> single mindset that is bludgeoned into the heads of everyone, and a
> single path controlling everyone's minds and efforts and ultimately, by
> becoming the substance of their minds, controlling their lives that are
> a function of their minds in pursuit of these indoctrinated beliefs.
> And what is accomplished is, in effect, de facto tyranny; a tyranny of
> a single mindset, bludgeoned into everyone's heads, and in that
> manner controlling the reality of everyone's lives.
>
> I believe that life and liberty and happiness deserve better.
>
> I do not advocate socialism, and I do not advocate communism. I
> advocate something that builds on the status quo, based on what has
> worked well. I am applying here two concepts that have worked wonders:
> The concept of competition and the concept of checks-and-balances. I
> take it to a higher level. And that is as follows:
>
> For there to be multiple paths based on fulfilment of multiple forms of
> self-interest and other-interest, is to achieve, through these paths
> struggling among each other, the optimal outcome for the people -
>
> And in the process allowing people to find the place in these paths in
> which they, according to the intelligence and the talent which they
> have the most, contribute their best toward that outcome.
>
> Now I am saying this based on the computation that, as far as a
> people's good is affected - the good that is a result of the
> natures that are present in them and thus of the form of interest that
> is to them most significant - there are many forms of good that can
> be created, and these are achieved through there being multiple paths,
> in which people contribute the intelligence that they have most present
> to fulfill the interest they are most suited to fulfill.
>
> As these paths struggle among each other - as do the businesses in
> free-market economy - they make each other achieve the best of what
> they have to offer.
>
> And as they struggle among each other - as do branches of American
> government within the context of checks-and-balances - they ensure
> that none of them (and with that, neither interest; neither approach;
> neither intelligence; neither interest) becomes omnipotent and
> tyrannical, and that true liberty of people is served.
>
> It is said that one man's freedom is another man's slavery. With
> there being recognized multiple forms of interest, and there being
> paths catering to those interests, it becomes possible further for
> people on individual basis to find freedom that is significant for
> them. The entirety of human nature is fulfilled; and the entirety of
> human intelligence and talent is actualized. And the best part about
> this is that it is done using the mechanisms that have worked already
> and that recognize the human nature - the mechanisms of competition
> and checks-and-balances. Rather than concentrating power in government
> or in business, it in fact diffuses it among paths. Which, as they
> struggle among each other, make each other create the best outcome;
> and, as they check-and-balance each other, not only protect liberty but
> take it to a far more inclusive place.
>
> What do I mean by paths? I mean business; I mean education and
> academia; I mean science and technology; I mean policing and diplomacy
> and legitimate civil service; I mean thought and service that improves
> people's lives and relation****ps; and I mean artwork and architecture
> that becomes the embodied legacy of the civilization, that adorns it,
> enriches the lives of its members, gives them legitimate sense of
> accomplishment, and inspires the yet-to-exist. I am of the belief, once
> again, that all these are legitimate pursuits, both involving
> legitimate forms of intelligence and providing fulfillment for
> legitimate sets of human nature and human interest. I am of the belief
> that all of them are valid, but neither of them, each being human, has
> right to absolute authority or to claim the interest it serves to be
> definitive. And that it is by all of these paths existing and
> struggling among each other that is served both the outcome (through
> mechanism of competition) and liberty (through mechanism of
> checks-and-balances, here applied by paths upon each other).
>
> Which means that through competition among paths is accomplished
> optimal outcome; that happiness as fulfillment of all forms of nature
> and interest is attained; and that liberty - true liberty - is
> served, with neither approach being definitive and tyrannical and all
> of them being free to give of their fruits to those who stand to
> benefit from them, while people have way to contribute the form of
> intelligence in which they are richest within the path that is to them
> most fulfilling.
>
> There are people who are fulfilled by having property; there are others
> who are fulfilled by great books, scientific knowledge, intellectual
> wisdom, and ideas and art and thought that enhance relation****ps and
> make them the most they can be. The good of the existing and yet to
> exist is enhanced by there being great works of architecture and
> technology and science and medicine and space program and music and
> film and graphic arts. It is enhanced also by there being talented and
> dedicated people in education and police work and diplomacy; it is
> enhanced by there being wisdom that helps people to have beautiful
> relation****ps or be empowered for personal happiness and people
> dedicated to helping people to actualize that wisdom. It is enhanced by
> all forms of intelligence having a path to impart of their riches, in
> the act of fulfilling the form of interest that they are most competent
> to fulfill. Indeed all these are legitimate aspects of human existence,
> and they are enhanced by people taking the path to which they are most
> suited - applying the form of intellect they have the most - to
> fulfilling the nature and interest of the people that they have most
> aptitude to fulfill - and being likewise compensated for their
> efforts in a way that matters to them.
>
> To summarize:
>
> The enjoyment of life by people, as measured by fulfillment of natures
> that live in them and interests that are to them significant, is
> enhanced by there being multiple paths each catering to a particular
> form of interest -
>
> And the people, becoming involved in creation of all these forms of
> interest according to forms of intelligence that are to them most
> suited, are allowed to give of the talents that are most natural to
> them and create work that feeds the form of interest that fulfils the
> form of nature and interest that they are most competent to fulfill.
>
> In mathematics there is a concept known as game theory. Based on it,
> the participants in a system seek to maximize their benefit, and some
> solutions benefit some at expense of others and others maximize the
> benefit of all. The solution known as pareto-optimal is the outcome in
> which the interest of one can only be increased by harming another's
> interest to a greater extent. And the goal of the so-called game -
> which of course is completely serious - is to attain that
> pareto-optimal outcome: The outcome that is regarded as the optimal
> solution to the game.
>
> Each path -from business, to science and education, to policing and
> military and civil service, to architecture, to arts, to thought -
> fulfils the mindset that is appropriate to it and a basic interest,
> self-directed or other-directed, that is most present in each
> individual and that is most significant to him or her. It allows people
> to actualize in the process the forms of intelligence and talent in
> them and gives them a legitimate way to impart of their fruits. And in
> so doing they fulfill the entirety of human nature - by the entirety
> of human intelligence finding a way to contribute to the outcome. The
> result is the optimal one: One in which people find ways to achieve
> according to their basic form of intelligence - and the entirety of
> human interest is served through their efforts.
>
> I involve in this situation concepts, once again, that are behind the
> greatest economic and political accomplishments in history: The concept
> of competition and the concept of checks-and-balances. As paths compete
> with each other, they are made to create the optimal outcome, while
> people find the way to contribute their optimal by finding place in
> paths that actualize their form of intelligence. And as they struggle
> among each other within a framework of understanding of each other's
> roles, they exert checks-and-balance upon each other, making sure that
> neither become tyrannical, and that liberty and life in people are
> protected and actualized at the highest possible level.
>
> This is not Communism. This is not socialism. This is America's
> principles taken to the next level. This is not increase of control but
> its reduction. And this is furthermore something that increases rather
> than decreasing liberty, happiness and chance at life, by logic shown
> above.
>
> The multiple intelligences among people; multiple forms of human
> interest, both self-interest and other-interest; multiple mindsets and
> talents and outlooks; mean that life, liberty and happiness are
> accomplished by there being a functional way to fulfill these interests
> - through people using the forms of intelligence of which they have
> in most abundance finding their way to paths that fulfill these
> interests. Therefore it is not acceptable to regard one form of
> interest as the only form of interest that is rational or rightful.
> That there are many legitimate forms of interest, both self-interest
> and other-interest, and that making the most of human existence
> consists of acknowledging and valuing all of these interests and giving
> them a way to be legitimately fulfilled. And that through there being
> multiple paths, which struggle among each other, is made the highest
> outcome created - and people find a way in participating in creation
> of that outcome according to intelligence and talent they have to
> fulfill the interest that they are most suited to fulfill.
>
> The success of free-market economics is based on the businesses having
> to strive to achieve best product, and people finding ways to
> contribute according to their gifts. The success of check-and-balances
> system of governance is based on the branches of government checking
> each other in order that none should become tyrannical or
> unconstitutional. I am taking the logic of both and applying it to the
> next level:
>
> That many paths - all fulfilling different forms of interest - are
> necessary for the fulfillment of the entire thing that is human nature
> and human interest;
>
> That through struggling among each other they are made to produce their
> best outcome;
>
> That through there being multiple paths that check each other the
> tyranny of a single mindset or interest or attitude or approach to life
> is averted;
>
> That as a result of this there is meaningful choice and meaningful life
> and liberty;
>
> That people working within these paths use their intelligence and their
> efforts to feed the form of happiness that they are most equipped to
> impart;
>
> And that people finding a way to involve themselves in these paths,
> according to the forms of intelligence and talent and mindset that is
> to them most appropriate, is the way to make the entirety of the human
> creature bear fruit and, through these efforts, fulfill the entirety of
> human nature.
>
> Thus, it becomes possible to achieve happiness as fulfillment of the
> entirety of human interest - through people finding the way to the
> paths that utilize the intelligence that they have in greatest
> abundance and through work in those paths fulfilling the interest they
> are most suited to fulfill -
>
> That through competition among these paths brings them to optimize
> their product and accomplish the best outcome -
>
> While the logic of checks-and-balances allows multiple mindsets bring
> them to balance among each other and check each other and make sure
> that none ever become tyrannical -
>
> And as a result of that the approach of multiple paths arrives at
> happiness, life and liberty that is most inclusive, most meaningful and
> most complete.
>
> Ilya Shambat.
>
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